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Assembler class assignment: stuck on conversion


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Lloyd Christensen

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Joined: 26 Apr 2022
Posts: 9
Location: United States

PostPosted: Thu May 19, 2022 12:56 am
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Hi,
After 30+ years as a MF Storage Admin, working for clients and vendors, I am trying to learn z/OS Assembler. I am in a program thru Marist College with IBM and I'm struggling with some basic stuff. I appreciate the help I received yesterday on another assignment. I really don't want to abuse the generosity of the members here.

I spent several days on this assignment, then stepped away to do another. This assignment involves loading a table and then we're to (a) output the bit notation for each byte and (b) output the hex representation of each byte.

Code:
* DEFINE TABLE FWRDS                                                 
FWRDS     DC  0F                                                     
          DC  X'00FF00FF'                                             
          DC  X'ABCDEF01'                                             
          DC  X'FFFFFFFF'                                             
          DC  X'00000000'                                             
          DC  X'AAAAAAAA'                                             
          DC  X'33333333'                                             
          DC  X'12345678'                                             
          DC  X'FFFFFFFF'     USE AS END OF TABLE                     
*                                                                     
FWRDSEND  EQU *               GET CURRENT ADDRESS                     
FWRDLEN   EQU FWRDSEND-FWRDS  SUBTRACT ADDRESS OF FWRDS FROM FWRDSEND
NOWRDS    DC  A(FWRDLEN/4)    DIVIDE BY 4 TO GET # OF FULL WORDS     


I am trying to use a DSECT for each byte:
OUT08 DSECT USED FOR ASSINGING VALUES FOR BITS IN A BYTE
OUTBYTE DS 0CL8 OUTPUT BYTE
OUTBIN0 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 0 OF 8
OUTBIN1 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 1 OF 8
OUTBIN2 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 2 OF 8
OUTBIN3 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 3 OF 8
OUTBIN4 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 4 OF 8
OUTBIN5 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 5 OF 8
OUTBIN6 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 6 OF 8
OUTBIN7 DS CL1 OUTPUT BIT 7 OF 8
*
* HEXOUT8 DSECT
* HEXBYTE DS 0CL8 OUTPUT BYTE IN HEX
* HEXOUT0 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 0 OF 8
* HEXOUT1 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 1 OF 8
* HEXOUT2 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 2 OF 8
* HEXOUT3 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 3 OF 8
* HEXOUT4 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 4 OF 8
* HEXOUT5 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 5 OF 8
* HEXOUT6 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 6 OF 8
* HEXOUT7 DS CL2 OUTPUT BIT 7 OF 8

In the CSECT I have:
Code:
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
*                                 ESTABLISH BIT MASKS               
BIT0MASK EQU  B'10000000'                                           
BIT1MASK EQU  B'01000000'                                           
BIT2MASK EQU  B'00100000'                                           
BIT3MASK EQU  B'00010000'                                           
BIT4MASK EQU  B'00001000'                                           
BIT5MASK EQU  B'00000100'                                           
BIT6MASK EQU  B'00000010'                                           
BIT7MASK EQU  B'00000001'                                           
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* START PROCESSING LOOP                                             
*                                                                   
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
WORDCNT  SR    R9,R9                                                 
NEWWORD  EQU   *                                                     
         MVC   TESTWORD,FWRDS                                       
         CLC   TESTWORD,=X'FFFFFFFF' FFFFFFFF INDICATES END OF TABLE
         BE    WRAPUP                                               
*                                                                   
*                                                                   
*                                                     
LOADWORD EQU   *                                       
         PUT   FILEOUT,FWRDS                           
         PUT   FILEOUT,TESTWORD                       
         MVC   TEMPBYT0,X'40'                         
         MVC   TEMPBYT1,X'40'                         
         MVC   TEMPBYT2,X'40'                         
         MVC   TEMPBYT3,X'40'                         
         MVC   TEMPBYT0(1),TESTWORD+0                 
         MVC   TEMPBYT1(1),TESTWORD+1                 
         MVC   TEMPBYT2(1),TESTWORD+2                 
         MVC   TEMPBYT3(1),TESTWORD+3                 
         PUT   FILEOUT,TEMPBYT0                       
         PUT   FILEOUT,TEMPBYT1                       
         PUT   FILEOUT,TEMPBYT2                       
         PUT   FILEOUT,TEMPBYT3                       
*                                                     
TSTBYTE0 EQU   *                                       
         B     TESTBITS           BRANCH TO TEST BITS 
TSTBYTE1 EQU   *                                       
         B     TESTBITS           BRANCH TO TEST BITS 
TSTBYTE2 EQU   *                                       
         B     TESTBITS           BRANCH TO TEST BITS 
TSTBYTE3 EQU   *                                       
         B     TESTBITS           BRANCH TO TEST BITS 
TESTBITS EQU   *                                     
TBIT0    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT0MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT0 
         BNO   BIT0ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN0,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT1    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT1MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT1 
         BNO   BIT1ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN1,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT2    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT2MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT2 
         BNO   BIT2ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN2,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT3    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT3MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT3 
         BNO   BIT3ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN3,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT4    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT4MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT4 
         BNO   BIT4ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN4,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT5    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT5MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT5 
         BNO   BIT5ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN5,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT6    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT6MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT6 
         BNO   BIT6ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN6,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
TBIT7    TM    TEMPBYT0,BIT7MASK  TEST BYTE FOR BIT7 
         BNO   BIT7ON                                 
         MVC   OUTBIN7,ITSAZERO   PUT A 0 IN THE BIT 
         PUT   FILEOUT,OUTBYTE                       
         B     NEWWORD            BRANCH TO NEWWORD   
                                                     
*        ---------------------------------------------
BIT0ON   EQU *                                       
         MVC   OUTBIN0,ITSAONE                       
         B TBIT1                                     
*        ---------------------------------------------
*        ----------------------------
BIT1ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN1,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT2                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT2ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN2,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT3                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT3ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN3,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT4                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT4ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN4,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT5                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT5ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN5,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT6                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT6ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN6,ITSAONE       
         B TBIT7                     
*        ----------------------------
BIT7ON   EQU *                       
         MVC   OUTBIN7,ITSAONE       
         MVC   BYTE1OUT,TEMPBYTE     
         PUT   FILEOUT,=CL80' '     
         PUT   FILEOUT,OUTBYTE       
         B NEWWORD                   

I have a few problems, I know. I am getting an S722 but that's probably a result of not looping, not getting the next word. I can get that taken care of.

I think the more immediate problem is that I am not moving just the one byte of the word:

MVC TEMPBYT0,X'40'
MVC TEMPBYT1,X'40'
MVC TEMPBYT2,X'40'
MVC TEMPBYT3,X'40'
MVC TEMPBYT0(1),TESTWORD+0
MVC TEMPBYT1(1),TESTWORD+1
MVC TEMPBYT2(1),TESTWORD+2
MVC TEMPBYT3(1),TESTWORD+3

My intent is to move just the first byte of TESTWORD into TEMPBYT0, the second byte of TESTWORD into TEMPBYT1...and last byte of TESTWORD into TEMPBYT3.

When I do a put of the TEMPBYTx fields I see each gets the rest of the word, not just the one byte. For example, TEMPBYT2 has the last two bytes of TESTWORD, not just the 3rd byte.

I thought that defining each of the TEMPTBYTx fields as CL1 AND the MVC TEMPBYTx(1) would get just the one byte at whichever starting point.


Any help is appreciated. Thank you.

BTW, if there is anyone here located in the Fort Worth/Dallas area that might be interested in some 1:1 tutoring for a modest fee ($50/hr?) I'm willing to pay for help - tutoring, not doing the actual coding.
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sergeyken

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Joined: 29 Apr 2008
Posts: 2011
Location: USA

PostPosted: Thu May 19, 2022 3:14 am
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Too much misunderstanding of the basic concepts...

1. The macro PUT is using QSAM access method. That is, one macro PUT always sends the LRECL number of bytes to the output dataset beginning from the record starting address. So
Code:
 PUT   FILEOUT,OUTBYTE
will always send LRECL=80 bytes starting from address OUTBYTE, despite of the definition
Code:
OUTBYTE   DS   0CL8     OUTPUT BYTE
which someone might wrongly assume to provide only 8 bytes for output.

So, one single macro PUT must be used to send the whole prepared output line (80 bytes) to the output dataset, but never - to place a part of the data in the middle of one line.



2. The conversion of a 4-bytes word to binary representation can be organized as follows
Code:
* Convert full word of data to its binary representation
         L     R1,input_word      load content of the data word into R1
         LA    R2,binary_output   start of binary position inside the record
         LHI   R3,+32         count of bits per word (always 32)
NEXTBIT  EQU   *        start of the loop on bits in the word
         MVI   0(R2),C'0'     clear the bit character with '0'
         LTR   R1,R1          check the sign bit of R1
         JNM   *+8            skip next if the bit not 1 (not "minus" value)
         MVI   0(R2),C'1'     replace the bit character with '1'
         LA    R2,1(R2)       shift to the next output character
         SLL   R1,1           shift next bit to the sign position
         BCT   R3,NEXTBIT     continue the loop on bits within one word
* end the loop on bits   

More sophisticated instructions like BXLE could be used, but with less clarity of the code.



3. The conversion of a 4-bytes word to hexadecimal representation can be organized as follows
Code:
* Convert full word of data to its hexadecimal representation
         LA    R1,input_word     load address of the data word into R1
         LA    R2,hexadecimal_output
         UNPK  0(9,R2),0(5,R1)    unpack (4+1) bytes at R1 to 9 bytes at R2
*        now XL5'abcdefghxy' unpacked to XL9'FaFbFcFdFeFfFgFhyx'
         MVI   8(R2),C' '         clear extra end byte X'yx' with blank
         TR    0(8,R2),HEXTRAN    correct 8 of wrong hexadecimal characters
* End of hexadecimal conversion of one word
. . . . . . . . .
* define the translation table to convert bytes X'F0'-X'FF' to characters C'0'-C'F'
HEXTRAN  EQU   *-C'0'       set virtual start of translation table
         DC    C'0123456789ABCDEF'    real part of translation table



I guess that information may be enough for the beginning
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Lloyd Christensen

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Joined: 26 Apr 2022
Posts: 9
Location: United States

PostPosted: Thu May 19, 2022 3:41 am
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Will review and work on this evening. Thank you again for your input.
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sergeyken

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Joined: 29 Apr 2008
Posts: 2011
Location: USA

PostPosted: Fri May 20, 2022 8:13 am
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Besides the updated methods for the hex and binary unpacking logic, I'd recommend also to redo the general logic of the code. This is the initial draft of such updates; I did not actually test it so far, just the general thoughts from my mind.

There is no input file processing added so far, because it was not clear how the input data should look like? Internal input table left in the code, for testing purposes only.
Code:
        PRINT  ON,NODATA,NOGEN
STRTPGM  CSECT
******************************************************************
* STANDARD LINKAGE FOR 24-BIT MODE (may be SAVE macro)
* MAY NEED REVIEWING TO MATCH THE REAL PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS
******************************************************************
         STM   14,12,12(R13)          SAVE CALLER'S REGS
         BASR  R12,0                  ESTABLISH
         USING *,R12                  ADDRESSABILITY
         ST    R13,SAVEAREA+4         BACK-CHAIN CALLER'S FROM MINE
         LA    R13,SAVEAREA           POINT TO MY LOWER-LEVEL SA
******************************************************************
*        OPEN  (FILEIN,(INPUT))
         OPEN  (FILEOUT,(OUTPUT))
*
         PUT   FILEOUT,HEADER1        PRINT COLUMN HEADINGS
         PUT   FILEOUT,HEADER2        PRINT COLUMN SUBHEADINGS
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* START INPUT PROCESSING LOOP
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
         MVC   OFFSET,=F'0'          reset the address count
         LHI   R4,WORDCNT            NUMBER OF WORDS TO CONVERT
         LA    R5,FWRDS              STARTING TABLE ADDRESS
NEWWORD  EQU   *               start the loop on input words here
*
* Convert full word of data to its hexadecimal presentation
         LR    R1,R5           use the address of input word from R5
         LA    R2,HEXOUT       use the address for output value
         BAS   R14,CONVHEX     call the HEX converter
* End of hexadecimal conversion of one word
*
* Convert full word of data to its binary presentation
         LR    R1,R5          use the address of input word from R5
         LA    R2,BINOUT      use the address of the field in record
         LHI   R3,COL2SIZE    bit count per word, from the output field
         BAS   R14,CONVBIN    call the BIN converter
* End the conversion of bits

* Calculate the offset of the just converted word
         LA    R1,OFFSET       use the address of the offset counter
         LA    R2,HEXADDR      use the address of the field in record
         BAS   R14,CONVHEX     call the HEX converter
*        after printing the address, update its value for the next word
         L     R0,OFFSET       old offset value
         AHI   R0,L'FWRDS      add one word size
         ST    R0,OFFSET       replace with the new (next) offset value
* End of offset calculation
*
         PUT   FILEOUT,OUTREC1    print full output line
*
         LA    R5,L'FWRDS(R5)     SHIFT TO THE NEXT INPUT WORD
         BCT   R4,NEWWORD         CONTINUE THE LOOP BY WORD COUNTER
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* END INPUT PROCESSING LOOP
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
WRAPUP   DS    0H                 PROCESSED LAST WORD ENDS HERE
***************** CLOSING ********************************************
FINAL    DS    0H
*        CLOSE FILEIN
         CLOSE FILEOUT
*********************** STANDARD EXIT (may be RETURN macro) **********
RETURN   DS    0H                     BRANCH TO HERE FOR NORMAL RETURN
         L     R13,SAVEAREA+4         POINT TO CALLER'S SAVE AREA
         LM    R14,R12,12(R13)        RESTORE CALLER'S REGS
         SR    R15,R15                SET RETURN CODE REG 15 = 0
         BR    R14
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFINE SUBROUTINES
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Convert full word of data to its hexadecimal presentation
*
CONVHEX  DS    0H
*
* INPUT PARAMETERS:
*     R1        - address of the data word to unpack hex digits
*     R2        - address of hexadecimal presentation output
*     R14       - return address
*
         UNPK  0(9,R2),0(5,R1) unpack 5 bytes at R1 to 9 bytes at R2
*        now XL5'abcdefghxy' unpacked to XL9'FaFbFcFdFeFfFgFhyx'
         MVI   8(R2),C' '      clear extra end byte X'yx' with blank
         TR    0(8,R2),HEXTRAN correct 8 wrong characters to '0'-'F'
*        end of hexadecimal conversion of one word
         BR    R14             return to caller
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* Convert full word of data to its binary presentation
*
CONVBIN  DS    0H
*
* INPUT PARAMETERS:
*     R1        - address of the data word to unpack bits
*     R2        - address of binary presentation output
*     R3        - count of bits to convert (up to 32)
*     R14       - return address
*
*     R0        - used as work register
*
         L     R0,0(R1)       get content of the data word into R0
NEXTBIT  EQU   *        start of the loop on bits in the word
         MVI   0(R2),C'0'     clear the bit character with '0'
         LTR   R0,R0          check the sign bit of R0
         JNM   *+8            skip if the bit not 1 (not "minus")
         MVI   0(R2),C'1'     replace the bit character with '1'
         LA    R2,1(R2)       shift to the next output character
         SLL   R0,1           shift next bit to the sign position
         BCT   R3,NEXTBIT     the loop up to 32 bits within one word
*        End the loop on bits
         BR    R14            return to caller
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFINE STORAGE FOR DERIVED FIELDS
*
OFFSET   DS    F              relative address of the converted word
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFINE INPUT RECORD(S)
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* DEFINE TABLE FWRDS
*
FWRDS     DC  0F
          DC  X'00FF00FF'
          DC  X'ABCDEF01'
          DC  X'FFFFFFFF'
          DC  X'00000000'
          DC  X'AAAAAAAA'
          DC  X'33333333'
          DC  X'12345678'
          DC  X'FFFFFFFF'     
WORDCNT   EQU (*-FWRDS)/(L'FWRDS)   NUMBER OF WORD ELEMENTS
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFINE OUTPUT RECORD(S)
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* DEFINE HEADER RECORD(S)
*
COL0SIZE  EQU   L'HEXADDR     SIZE OF COLUMN 0 in all output records
COL1SIZE  EQU   L'HEXOUT      SIZE OF COLUMN 1 in all output records
COL2SIZE  EQU   L'BINOUT      SIZE OF COLUMN 2 in all output records
*
HEADER1   DC    CL132' '      FULL HEADER INITIALLY BLANK
          ORG   HEADER1+COL0POS    ALIGN AT COL0
          DC    C'OFFSET'          OVERRIDE COLUMN0 NAME
          ORG   HEADER1+COL1POS    ALIGN AT COL1
          DC    C'HEX VALUE'       OVERRIDE COLUMN1 NAME
          ORG   HEADER1+COL2POS    ALIGN AT COL2
          DC    C'BINARY VALUE'    OVERRIDE COLUMN2 NAME
          ORG   ,             THE END OF HEADER1 LINE
*
HEADER2   DC    CL132' '      FULL SUBHEADER INITIALLY BLANK
          ORG   HEADER2+COL0POS    ALIGN AT COL0
          DC    (COL0SIZE)C'-'     underscore COLUMN0 NAME
          ORG   HEADER2+COL1POS    ALIGN AT COL1
          DC    (COL1SIZE)C'-'     underscore COLUMN1 NAME
          ORG   HEADER2+COL2POS    ALIGN AT COL2
          DC    (COL2SIZE)C'-'     underscore COLUMN2 NAME
          ORG   ,             THE END OF HEADER2 LINE
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFINE OUTPUT DATA LINE
*
OUTREC1   DC    CL132' '   FULL OUTPUT LINE, INITIALLY BLANKS
          ORG   OUTREC1    OVERLAY BY SUBFIELDS
          DC    CL1' '     INITIAL SPACE GAP
COL0POS   EQU   (*-OUTREC1)
HEXADDR   DC    CL8' '     OFFSET VALUE IN HEX
          DC    CL2' '     SPACE GAP AFTER OFFSET
COL1POS   EQU   (*-OUTREC1)
HEXOUT    DC    CL8' '     VALUE DISPLAYED IN HEX
          DC    CL2' '     SPACE GAP AFTER HEX VALUE
COL2POS   EQU   (*-OUTREC1)
BINOUT    DC    CL32' '    VALUE DISPLAYED IN BINARY
          ORG   ,          THE END OF OUTPUT LINE
*
**********************  DATA AREAS   *********************************
SAVEAREA DC    18F'0'     AREA FOR MY CALLEE TO SAVE & RESTORE MY REGS
*
**********************  DATA AREAS   *********************************
FILEOUT  DCB   DSORG=PS,                                               X
               MACRF=(PM),                                             X
               DEVD=DA,                                                X
               DDNAME=FILEOUT,                                         X
               RECFM=FB,                                               X
               LRECL=132     MUST CORRESPOND TO THE REAL OUTPUT LINE
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
* define the translation table to convert
* bytes X'F0'-X'FF' to characters C'0'-C'F'
HEXTRAN  EQU   *-X'F0'       set virtual start of translation table
         DC    C'0123456789ABCDEF'    real part of translation table
* -------------------------------------------------------------------
         LTORG ,
         YREGS
         END
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Willy Jensen

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Posts: 712
Location: Denmark

PostPosted: Sat May 21, 2022 6:43 pm
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translate a field of any length to readable hex without using a table (part of a macro):
Code:
.* r14 -> from-addr                                                   
.* r15 -> from-length                                                 
.* r1  -> to-addr                                                     
.* upper nibble                                                       
&l.a     llc   r0,0(r14)               insert byte into workreg
         srl   r0,4                    shift last four bit away       
         ahi   r0,240                                                 
         cfi   r0,x'fa'                nibble gt 9?                   
         jl    *+8                                                     
         ahi   r0,-57                  then use C'A'-C'F'             
         stc   r0,0(r1)                                               
.* lower nibble                                                       
         llc   r0,0(r14)               insert into workreg one byte   
         sll   r0,28                   leave                           
         srl   r0,28                     lower nibble                 
         ahi   r0,240                                                 
         cfi   r0,x'fa'                nibble gt 9?                   
         jl    *+8                                                     
         ahi   r0,-57                  then use C'A'-C'F'             
         stc   r0,1(r1)                                               
.* next                                                               
         la    r1,2(,r1)                                               
         la    r14,1(,r14)                                             
         bct   r15,&l.a       
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sergeyken

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Joined: 29 Apr 2008
Posts: 2011
Location: USA

PostPosted: Sun May 22, 2022 12:24 am
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The same can be done shorter, and using only original set of S/360 instructions.

Also the way of usage the constants, comments, and other entities doesn't help understanding the logic of code, especially for beginners.

Code:
*====================================================================
* Hex unpack of up to 65535 input bytes into 131070 output characters
*====================================================================
* Input parameters
*    R0  - input length <= 65535 (XL4'0000FFFF')    X'0000LLLL'
*    R14 - input address
*    R15 - output address
*
*    R1  - is used as work register
*
*      START OF THE CONVERSION LOOP
NEXTBYTE DS    0H     START LOOP ON INPUT BYTES   
         SLL   R0,12             X'0LLLL000' PREPARE SPACE AT THE END OF R0
*
         IC    R0,0(R14)         X'0LLLL0ab' COMBINE BOTH LENGTH, AND INPUT BYTE
         SRDL  R0,4              X'00LLLL0a',X'b???????'
         SLL   R0,4              X'0LLLL0a0',X'b???????'
         SLDL  R0,4              X'LLLL0a0b',X'???????0'
         STH   R0,0(R15)         X'0a0b'  TWO NIMBLES NOW STORED IN TWO BYTES
*      Now the two new output bytes are filled with codes X'00'-X'0F'
*      All of them need to be replaced with C'0'-C'F'
         TR    0(2,R15),=C'0123456789ABCDEF'  translate two bytes at once
*
         LA    R14,1(R14)        SKIP TO NEXT INPUT BYTE
         LA    R15,2(R15)        SKIP TO NEXT OUTPUT BYTE
         SRL   R0,16             X'0000LLLL' SAVE LENGTH TO INITIAL POSITION
         BCT   R0,NEXTBYTE       REPEAT LOOP ON BYTES; UPDATE THE COUNTER
*      END OF THE CONVERSION LOOP


The code can be simplified when free to use extra registers (when not inside a macro)
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sergeyken

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Joined: 29 Apr 2008
Posts: 2011
Location: USA

PostPosted: Sun May 22, 2022 11:27 pm
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Strictly speaking, the correct way of storing characters/bytes from a register to memory is not considering them as a halfword:
Code:
         STH   R0,0(R15)         X'0a0b'  TWO NIMBLES NOW STORED IN TWO BYTES
but instead using character-oriented instructions, like this one:
Code:
         STCM  R0,B'0011',0(R15)      X'0a0b'  TWO NIMBLES NOW STORED IN TWO BYTES
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Willy Jensen

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Joined: 01 Sep 2015
Posts: 712
Location: Denmark

PostPosted: Wed May 25, 2022 8:39 pm
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And now to convert a string to readable bit string, optionally with a delimiter between each byte expansion..
Code:
*-                                                                 
* r14 source addr                                                 
* r15 source length                                               
* r0  work                                                         
* r1  target addr                                                 
* r2  source byte                                                 
* r3  # bits in a byte                                             
*-                                                                 
         laey  r14,hexstr                                         
         laey  r15,l'hexstr                                       
         laey  r1,bitstr                                           
         j     b                                                   
a        cli   dlm,0                   delimiter?                 
         je    b                                                   
         mvc   0(1,r1),dlm             add delimiter               
         la    r1,1(,r1)               bump target addr           
b        icm   r2,b'1000',0(r14)       insert byte at top         
         la    r3,8                    # of bits in a byte         
c        lr    r0,r2                   copy to work               
         srl   r0,31                   move bit to low pos         
         ahi   r0,x'f0'                make into ebcdic           
         stc   r0,0(r1)                save                       
         la    r1,1(,r1)               bump target                 
         rll   r2,r2,1                 rotate to position next bit
         bct   r3,c                    repeat if any bits left     
         la    r14,1(,r14)             bump source                 
         bct   r15,a                   repeat if any bytes left   
         j     d                                                   
dlm      dc    c'.'                    delimiter                   
hexstr   dc    x'12C125'                                           
bitstr   dc    cl(4*8)' '              00010010.11000001.00100101 
d        ds    0h                                                 
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sergeyken

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Joined: 29 Apr 2008
Posts: 2011
Location: USA

PostPosted: Thu May 26, 2022 8:50 pm
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Willy Jensen wrote:
And now to convert a string to readable bit string, optionally with a delimiter between each byte expansion..
Code:
         laey  r14,hexstr                                         
         laey  r15,l'hexstr                                       
         laey  r1,bitstr                                           

At least in 2016, there were only 3 types of Load Address instructions:
Code:
LA          - mainly for 24-bit addressing
LARL        - mainly for 31-bit addressing
LAY         - mainly for 64-bit addressing

Is LAEY a new one?
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Willy Jensen

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PostPosted: Thu May 26, 2022 11:54 pm
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Don't know when LAEY came around. The PoP has 2 Load Address Extended instruction -
The displacement for LAE is treated as a 12-bit unsigned binary integer. The displacement for LAEY is treated as a 20-bit signed binary integer.

I could probably use LARL instead, will check.
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sergeyken

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PostPosted: Fri May 27, 2022 4:31 am
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Willy Jensen wrote:
Don't know when LAEY came around. The PoP has 2 Load Address Extended instruction -
The displacement for LAE is treated as a 12-bit unsigned binary integer. The displacement for LAEY is treated as a 20-bit signed binary integer.

Yes, those two come with Extended Addressability option.
For some reason they are not mentioned in the detailed IBM guide of 2016…
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Willy Jensen

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PostPosted: Fri May 27, 2022 1:00 pm
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I can see them as far back as in the PoP Ninth Edition of August, 2010
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Willy Jensen

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PostPosted: Sat May 28, 2022 1:52 pm
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Just realized than I couldn't use LARL as that only accepts even adresses.
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