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A not very Christmassy PL/I tale, with some assembler mixed


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prino

Senior Member


Joined: 07 Feb 2009
Posts: 1306
Location: Vilnius, Lithuania

PostPosted: Mon Dec 26, 2016 1:01 am
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Apologies for this rant on Christmas day...

Let's assume you gate-crash an IBM GSE meeting, way back in 2010 and talk to an IBM developer about optimizing code, and he tells you that IBM is well ahead (by "at least" five years) of the Open Source community!

So on this Christmas day you decide, having nothing better to do than to listen to your relatives blabbering away in Lithuanian, the language of your wife of fifteen years, but a language that you still do not speak, to look at some more code emitted by, admittedly not the latest and greatest of IBM's Enterprise PL/I compilers (V4.3.0), and compare that to the code of the long out-of-support V2.3.0 OS compiler.

Now, you've already had, more than once, discussions with one of its lead-developers about the quality of code emitted by the EPLI backend after earlier remarks that it looks pretty bad, but with said developer having access to the latest technology, there's little you can put up against his arguments, although a claim that a loop to initialize a PL/I array is faster than using MVC or overlapping MVC on the latest z13 systems still makes you wonder.

So in stead, lets look at some very simple PL/I code, a very frequently called routine that calculates average times based on two inputs, seconds and a divisor, which should result in some pretty simple assembler code.

Here is the output of the compiler, and lets start with the code generated by the old OS compiler, and for what it's worth, w_hh and w_mm are defined externally as "fixed dec (3)"
Code:
3829   AVERAGE_TIME: PROC(SECONDS, N);
3830   DCL SECONDS    FIXED DEC  (15,6);
3831   DCL N          FIXED DEC     (5);
3833   DCL D          FIXED DEC     (9);
3834   DCL S          FIXED DEC  (15,6) INIT (SECONDS);

3841         W_HH       = TRUNC(SECONDS / (N * 3600));
3842         SECONDS    = SECONDS - W_HH * (N * 3600);
3843         W_MM       = TRUNC(SECONDS / (N * 60));
3844         SECONDS    = SECONDS - W_MM * (N * 60);

And I've added this code, to help the compiler eliminate common sub-expressions, as the V2.3.0 compiler wasn't all that optimizing, especially for large programs, as indicated by these two messages:
Code:
IEL0919I W 2105 VARIABLES IN PROGRAM. GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION PERFORMED FOR 255 VARIABLES. LOCAL OPTIMIZATION PERFORMED ON REMAINDER.
IEL0917I W    1 BLOCK CONTAINS 424 FLOW UNITS. GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION PERFORMED ONLY IN 'DO' GROUPS.

3847         D          = N * 3600;
3848         W_HH       = TRUNC(S / D);
3849         S          = S - W_HH * D;
3850         D          = N * 60;
3851         W_MM       = TRUNC(S / D);
3852         S          = S - W_MM * D;

And what comes out, slightly edited (removal of spaces and flowing code on single lines) to show statement and generated code next to each other:
Code:
3841         W_HH       = TRUNC(SECONDS / (N * 3600));
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3841
01D7E0  58 40 D 0D4        L     4,212(0,13)
01D7E4  F8 52 D 098 4 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(6),N(3)
01D7EA  FC 52 D 098 8 BDD  MP    WKSP.78+32(6),3037(3,8)
01D7F0  D2 05 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(6,13),WKSP.78+32
01D7F6  58 90 D 0D0        L     9,208(0,13)
01D7FA  F8 D7 D 098 9 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(14),SECONDS(8)
01D800  FD D5 D 098 D 128  DP    WKSP.78+32(14),296(6,13)
01D806  D2 07 D 12E D 098  MVC   302(8,13),WKSP.78+32
01D80C  58 70 6 0CC        L     7,204(0,6)
01D810  D2 01 7 57C D 131  MVC   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH(2),305(13)
01D816  D1 00 7 57D D 135  MVN   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH+1(1),309(13)

3842         SECONDS    = SECONDS - W_HH * (N * 3600);
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3842
01D81C  F8 52 D 098 4 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(6),N(3)
01D822  FC 52 D 098 8 BDD  MP    WKSP.78+32(6),3037(3,8)
01D828  D2 05 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(6,13),WKSP.78+32
01D82E  F8 71 D 098 7 57C  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(8),LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH(2)
01D834  FC 75 D 098 D 128  MP    WKSP.78+32(8),296(6,13)
01D83A  D2 07 D 12E D 098  MVC   302(8,13),WKSP.78+32
01D840  D2 07 D 098 D 12E  MVC   WKSP.78+32(8),302(13)
01D846  94 F0 D 09F        NI    WKSP.78+39,X'F0'
01D84A  D7 02 D 0A0 D 0A0  XC    WKSP.78+40(3),WKSP.78+40
01D850  D1 00 D 0A2 D 135  MVN   WKSP.78+42(1),309(13)
01D856  FB A7 D 098 9 000  SP    WKSP.78+32(11),SECONDS(8)
01D85C  F8 7A D 09B D 098  ZAP   WKSP.78+35(8),WKSP.78+32(11)
01D862  97 01 D 0A2        XI    WKSP.78+42,X'01'
01D866  D2 07 9 000 D 09B  MVC   SECONDS(8),WKSP.78+35

3843         W_MM       = TRUNC(SECONDS / (N * 60));
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3843
01D86C  F8 42 D 098 4 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(5),N(3)
01D872  FC 41 D 098 8 91B  MP    WKSP.78+32(5),2331(2,8)
01D878  D2 04 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(5,13),WKSP.78+32
01D87E  F8 C7 D 098 9 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(13),SECONDS(8)
01D884  FD C4 D 098 D 128  DP    WKSP.78+32(13),296(5,13)
01D88A  D2 07 D 12D D 098  MVC   301(8,13),WKSP.78+32
01D890  D2 01 7 57F D 130  MVC   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM(2),304(13)
01D896  D1 00 7 580 D 134  MVN   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM+1(1),308(13)

3844         SECONDS    = SECONDS - W_MM * (N * 60);
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3844
01D89C  F8 42 D 098 4 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(5),N(3)
01D8A2  FC 41 D 098 8 91B  MP    WKSP.78+32(5),2331(2,8)
01D8A8  D2 04 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(5,13),WKSP.78+32
01D8AE  F8 61 D 098 7 57F  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(7),LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM(2)
01D8B4  FC 64 D 098 D 128  MP    WKSP.78+32(7),296(5,13)
01D8BA  D2 06 D 12D D 098  MVC   301(7,13),WKSP.78+32
01D8C0  D2 06 D 098 D 12D  MVC   WKSP.78+32(7),301(13)
01D8C6  94 F0 D 09E        NI    WKSP.78+38,X'F0'
01D8CA  D7 02 D 09F D 09F  XC    WKSP.78+39(3),WKSP.78+39
01D8D0  D1 00 D 0A1 D 133  MVN   WKSP.78+41(1),307(13)
01D8D6  FB 97 D 098 9 000  SP    WKSP.78+32(10),SECONDS(8)
01D8DC  F8 79 D 09A D 098  ZAP   WKSP.78+34(8),WKSP.78+32(10)
01D8E2  97 01 D 0A1        XI    WKSP.78+41,X'01'
01D8E6  D2 07 9 000 D 09A  MVC   SECONDS(8),WKSP.78+34

3847         D          = N * 3600;
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3847
01D976  F8 52 D 098 4 000  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(6),N(3)
01D97C  FC 52 D 098 8 BDD  MP    WKSP.78+32(6),3037(3,8)
01D982  D2 04 D 0C0 D 099  MVC   D(5),WKSP.78+33

3848         W_HH       = TRUNC(S / D);
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3848
01D988  F8 C7 D 098 D 0B8  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(13),S(8)
01D98E  FD C4 D 098 D 0C0  DP    WKSP.78+32(13),D(5)
01D994  D2 07 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(8,13),WKSP.78+32
01D99A  D2 01 7 57C D 12B  MVC   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH(2),299(13)
01D9A0  D1 00 7 57D D 12F  MVN   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH+1(1),303(13)

3849         S          = S - W_HH * D;
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3849
01D9A6  F8 61 D 128 7 57C  ZAP   296(7,13),LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_HH(2)
01D9AC  FC 64 D 128 D 0C0  MP    296(7,13),D(5)
01D9B2  D7 0A D 098 D 098  XC    WKSP.78+32(11),WKSP.78+32
01D9B8  D2 06 D 099 D 128  MVC   WKSP.78+33(7),296(13)
01D9BE  94 F0 D 09F        NI    WKSP.78+39,X'F0'
01D9C2  D1 00 D 0A2 D 12E  MVN   WKSP.78+42(1),302(13)
01D9C8  FB A7 D 098 D 0B8  SP    WKSP.78+32(11),S(8)
01D9CE  F8 7A D 09B D 098  ZAP   WKSP.78+35(8),WKSP.78+32(11)
01D9D4  97 01 D 0A2        XI    WKSP.78+42,X'01'
01D9D8  D2 07 D 0B8 D 09B  MVC   S(8),WKSP.78+35

3850         D          = N * 60;
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3850
01D9DE  F8 42 D 0C0 4 000  ZAP   D(5),N(3)
01D9E4  FC 41 D 0C0 8 91B  MP    D(5),2331(2,8)

3851         W_MM       = TRUNC(S / D);
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3851
01D9EA  F8 C7 D 098 D 0B8  ZAP   WKSP.78+32(13),S(8)
01D9F0  FD C4 D 098 D 0C0  DP    WKSP.78+32(13),D(5)
01D9F6  D2 07 D 128 D 098  MVC   296(8,13),WKSP.78+32
01D9FC  D2 01 7 57F D 12B  MVC   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM(2),299(13)
01DA02  D1 00 7 580 D 12F  MVN   LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM+1(1),303(13)

3852         S          = S - W_MM * D;
* STATEMENT NUMBER  3852
01DA08  F8 61 D 128 7 57F  ZAP   296(7,13),LIFT_WORK.WT_AVG.W_MM(2)
01DA0E  FC 64 D 128 D 0C0  MP    296(7,13),D(5)
01DA14  D7 0A D 098 D 098  XC    WKSP.78+32(11),WKSP.78+32
01DA1A  D2 06 D 099 D 128  MVC   WKSP.78+33(7),296(13)
01DA20  94 F0 D 09F        NI    WKSP.78+39,X'F0'
01DA24  D1 00 D 0A2 D 12E  MVN   WKSP.78+42(1),302(13)
01DA2A  FB A7 D 098 D 0B8  SP    WKSP.78+32(11),S(8)
01DA30  F8 7A D 09B D 098  ZAP   WKSP.78+35(8),WKSP.78+32(11)
01DA36  97 01 D 0A2        XI    WKSP.78+42,X'01'
01DA3A  D2 07 D 0B8 D 09B  MVC   S(8),WKSP.78+35

Code:
L   :  3
ZAP : 18
MP  : 10
MVC : 23
DP  :  4
MVN :  8
NI  :  4
XC  :  4
XI  :  4
SP  :  4
     ---
      82 instructions, 470 bytes of code

And obviously common-subexpression elimination didn't make it, or, as the above messages indicated, the source was simply too complex, this is a procedure in a 13+K lines PL/I program.

Jump forward two (or even more) decades to 2014-03-10, the version of Enterprise PL/I V4.3.0 on the system where this test was done, and weep?
Code:
11200.0  average_time: proc(seconds, n);
11201.0  dcl seconds    fixed   (15,6);
11202.0  dcl n          fixed      (5);
11205.0  dcl d          fixed      (9);
11206.0  dcl s          fixed   (15,6) init (seconds);

11216.0        w_hh       = trunc(seconds / (n * 3600));
11217.0        seconds    = seconds - w_hh * (n * 3600);
11218.0        w_mm       = trunc(seconds / (n * 60));
11219.0        seconds    = seconds - w_mm * (n * 60);

11224.0        d          = n * 3600;
11225.0        w_hh       = trunc(s / d);
11226.0        s          = s - w_hh * d;
11228.0        d          = n * 60;
11229.0        w_mm       = trunc(s / d);
11230.0        s          = s - w_mm * d;

Note: despite some heavy editing (removing spaces) some lines below will quite likely still wrap, sorry about that.
Code:
                            AVERAGE_TIME
00C0 D207 D188 D160 11216 | MVC #pd32554_16(8,r13,392),#pd20033_16(r13,352)
00C6 D202 D16B 2F80 11216 | MVC #pd34285_16(3,r13,363),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3968)
00CC D702 D168 D168 11216 | XC  #pd34285_16(3,r13,360),#pd34285_16(r13,360)
00D2 D202 D1AB 2F80 11217 | MVC #pd34287_16(3,r13,427),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3968)
00D8 FC52 D168 D158 11216 | MP  #pd34285_16(6,r13,360),#pd10660_16(3,r13,344)
00DE D205 D168 D168 11216 | MVC #pd34285_16(6,r13,360),#pd34285_16(r13,360)
00E4 F845 D170 D168 11216 | ZAP #pd20035_16(5,r13,368),#pd34285_16(6,r13,360)
00EA D204 D170 D170 11216 | MVC #pd20035_16(5,r13,368),#pd20035_16(r13,368)
00F0 F854 D178 D170 11216 | ZAP #pd20036_16(6,r13,376),#pd20035_16(5,r13,368)
00F6 D707 D180 D180 11216 | XC  #pd32554_16(8,r13,384),#pd32554_16(r13,384)
00FC D702 D199 D199 11216 | XC  #pd34286_16(3,r13,409),#pd34286_16(r13,409)
0102 FDF5 D180 D178 11216 | DP  #pd32554_16(16,r13,384),#pd20036_16(6,r13,376)
0108 A75A 3FC0      11216 | AHI r5,H'16320'
010C D208 D190 D181 11216 | MVC #pd20039_16(9,r13,400),#pd32554_16(r13,385)
0112 D205 D19C D190 11216 | MVC #pd34286_16(6,r13,412),#pd20039_16(r13,400)
0118 D702 D1A8 D1A8 11217 | XC  #pd34287_16(3,r13,424),#pd34287_16(r13,424)
011E D100 D1A1 D198 11216 | MVN #pd34286_16(1,r13,417),#pd20039_16(r13,408)
0124 D201 5444 D1A0 11216 | MVC W_HH(2,r5,1092),#pd34286_16(r13,416)
012A FC52 D1A8 4000 11217 | MP  #pd34287_16(6,r13,424),_shadow13(3,r4,0)
0130 D205 D1A8 D1A8 11217 | MVC #pd34287_16(6,r13,424),#pd34287_16(r13,424)
0136 F845 D1B0 D1A8 11217 | ZAP #pd34251_16(5,r13,432),#pd34287_16(6,r13,424)
013C F854 D1B8 D1B0 11217 | ZAP #pd34252_16(6,r13,440),#pd34251_16(5,r13,432)
0142 D205 D1C2 D1B8 11217 | MVC #pd20044_16(6,r13,450),#pd34252_16(r13,440)
0148 D701 D1C0 D1C0 11217 | XC  #pd20044_16(2,r13,448),#pd20044_16(r13,448)
014E FC71 D1C0 5444 11217 | MP  #pd20044_16(8,r13,448),W_HH(2,r5,1092)
0154 D207 D1C8 D1C0 11217 | MVC #pd20045_16(8,r13,456),#pd20044_16(r13,448)
015A D207 D1DF E000 11217 | MVC #pd20047_16(8,r13,479),_shadow11(r14,0)
0160 91F0 D1C8      11217 | TM  #pd20045_16(r13,456),240
0164 A784 0008      11217 | JE  @16L10461
0168 F070 D1C8 0001 11217 | SRP #pd20045_16(8,r13,456),1,0
016E F070 D1C8 0FFF 11217 | SRP #pd20045_16(8,r13,456),-1,0
0174                11217 |        @16L10461DS       0H
0174 D207 D1D0 D1C8 11217 | MVC #pd20046_16(8,r13,464),#pd20045_16(r13,456)
017A D100 D1DA D1CF 11217 | MVN #pd20046_16(1,r13,474),#pd20045_16(r13,463)
0180 D40A D1D0 2F84 11217 | NC  #pd20046_16(11,r13,464),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3972)
0186 D702 D1DC D1DC 11217 | XC  #pd20047_16(3,r13,476),#pd20047_16(r13,476)
018C FBAA D1DC D1D0 11217 | SP  #pd20047_16(11,r13,476),#pd20046_16(11,r13,464)
0192 F87A D1E8 D1DC 11217 | ZAP #pd10676_16(8,r13,488),#pd20047_16(11,r13,476)
0198 D207 E000 D1E8 11217 | MVC _shadow11(8,r14,0),#pd10676_16(r13,488)
019E D202 D1F2 4000 11218 | MVC #pd34288_16(3,r13,498),_shadow13(r4,0)
01A4 D701 D1F0 D1F0 11218 | XC  #pd34288_16(2,r13,496),#pd34288_16(r13,496)
01AA D207 D188 E000 11218 | MVC #pd32554_16(8,r13,392),_shadow11(r14,0)
01B0 FC41 D1F0 2E40 11218 | MP  #pd34288_16(5,r13,496),+CONSTANT_AREA(2,r2,3648)
01B6 D204 D1F0 D1F0 11218 | MVC #pd34288_16(5,r13,496),#pd34288_16(r13,496)
01BC F834 D1F8 D1F0 11218 | ZAP #pd20049_16(4,r13,504),#pd34288_16(5,r13,496)
01C2 D203 D1F8 D1F8 11218 | MVC #pd20049_16(4,r13,504),#pd20049_16(r13,504)
01C8 F843 D200 D1F8 11218 | ZAP #pd20050_16(5,r13,512),#pd20049_16(4,r13,504)
01CE D707 D180 D180 11218 | XC  #pd32554_16(8,r13,384),#pd32554_16(r13,384)
01D4 D702 D20E D20E 11218 | XC  #pd34289_16(3,r13,526),#pd34289_16(r13,526)
01DA FDF4 D180 D200 11218 | DP  #pd32554_16(16,r13,384),#pd20050_16(5,r13,512)
01E0 D208 D205 D182 11218 | MVC #pd20053_16(9,r13,517),#pd32554_16(r13,386)
01E6 D205 D211 D205 11218 | MVC #pd34289_16(6,r13,529),#pd20053_16(r13,517)
01EC D100 D216 D20D 11218 | MVN #pd34289_16(1,r13,534),#pd20053_16(r13,525)
01F2 D201 5447 D215 11218 | MVC W_MM(2,r5,1095),#pd34289_16(r13,533)
01F8 D202 D21A 4000 11219 | MVC #pd34290_16(3,r13,538),_shadow13(r4,0)
01FE D701 D218 D218 11219 | XC  #pd34290_16(2,r13,536),#pd34290_16(r13,536)
0204 FC41 D218 2E40 11219 | MP  #pd34290_16(5,r13,536),+CONSTANT_AREA(2,r2,3648)
020A D204 D218 D218 11219 | MVC #pd34290_16(5,r13,536),#pd34290_16(r13,536)
0210 F834 D220 D218 11219 | ZAP #pd34257_16(4,r13,544),#pd34290_16(5,r13,536)
0216 F843 D228 D220 11219 | ZAP #pd34258_16(5,r13,552),#pd34257_16(4,r13,544)
021C D204 D232 D228 11219 | MVC #pd20058_16(5,r13,562),#pd34258_16(r13,552)
0222 D701 D230 D230 11219 | XC  #pd20058_16(2,r13,560),#pd20058_16(r13,560)
0228 FC61 D230 5447 11219 | MP  #pd20058_16(7,r13,560),W_MM(2,r5,1095)
022E D207 D24C E000 11219 | MVC #pd20061_16(8,r13,588),_shadow11(r14,0)
0234 D206 D238 D230 11219 | MVC #pd20059_16(7,r13,568),#pd20058_16(r13,560)
023A 91F0 D238      11219 | TM  #pd20059_16(r13,568),240
023E A784 0008      11219 | JE  @16L10462
0242 F060 D238 0001 11219 | SRP #pd20059_16(7,r13,568),1,0
0248 F060 D238 0FFF 11219 | SRP #pd20059_16(7,r13,568),-1,0
024E                11219 |        @16L10462DS       0H
024E D206 D240 D238 11219 | MVC #pd20060_16(7,r13,576),#pd20059_16(r13,568)
0254 D100 D249 D23E 11219 | MVN #pd20060_16(1,r13,585),#pd20059_16(r13,574)
025A D409 D240 2F90 11219 | NC  #pd20060_16(10,r13,576),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3984)
0260 D701 D24A D24A 11219 | XC  #pd20061_16(2,r13,586),#pd20061_16(r13,586)
0266 FB99 D24A D240 11219 | SP  #pd20061_16(10,r13,586),#pd20060_16(10,r13,576)
026C F879 D258 D24A 11219 | ZAP #pd10691_16(8,r13,600),#pd20061_16(10,r13,586)
0272 D207 E000 D258 11219 | MVC _shadow11(8,r14,0),#pd10691_16(r13,600)
0348 D207 D188 D0D4 11225 | MVC #pd32554_16(8,r13,392),S(r13,212)
034E D202 D293 2F80 11224 | MVC #pd34293_16(3,r13,659),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3968)
0354 D702 D290 D290 11224 | XC  #pd34293_16(3,r13,656),#pd34293_16(r13,656)
035A D207 D2C7 D0D4 11226 | MVC #pd20080_16(8,r13,711),S(r13,212)
0360 FC52 D290 4000 11224 | MP  #pd34293_16(6,r13,656),_shadow13(3,r4,0)
0366 D205 D290 D290 11224 | MVC #pd34293_16(6,r13,656),#pd34293_16(r13,656)
036C F845 D298 D290 11224 | ZAP #pd34262_16(5,r13,664),#pd34293_16(6,r13,656)
0372 D204 D298 D298 11224 | MVC #pd34262_16(5,r13,664),#pd34262_16(r13,664)
0378 D204 D0C8 D298 11224 | MVC D(5,r13,200),#pd34262_16(r13,664)
037E D707 D180 D180 11225 | XC  #pd32554_16(8,r13,384),#pd32554_16(r13,384)
0384 D702 D2A6 D2A6 11225 | XC  #pd34294_16(3,r13,678),#pd34294_16(r13,678)
038A FDF4 D180 D0C8 11225 | DP  #pd32554_16(16,r13,384),D(5,r13,200)
0390 D701 D2B0 D2B0 11226 | XC  #pd20077_16(2,r13,688),#pd20077_16(r13,688)
0396 D208 D29D D182 11225 | MVC #pd20073_16(9,r13,669),#pd32554_16(r13,386)
039C D204 D2B2 D0C8 11226 | MVC #pd20077_16(5,r13,690),D(r13,200)
03A2 D205 D2A9 D29D 11225 | MVC #pd34294_16(6,r13,681),#pd20073_16(r13,669)
03A8 D100 D2AE D2A5 11225 | MVN #pd34294_16(1,r13,686),#pd20073_16(r13,677)
03AE D201 5444 D2AD 11225 | MVC W_HH(2,r5,1092),#pd34294_16(r13,685)
03B4 FC61 D2B0 5444 11226 | MP  #pd20077_16(7,r13,688),W_HH(2,r5,1092)
03BA D206 D2B8 D2B0 11226 | MVC #pd20079_16(7,r13,696),#pd20077_16(r13,688)
03C0 D202 D2DA 4000 11228 | MVC #pd34295_16(3,r13,730),_shadow13(r4,0)
03C6 D100 D2C1 D2B6 11226 | MVN #pd20079_16(1,r13,705),#pd20077_16(r13,694)
03CC D409 D2B8 2F90 11226 | NC  #pd20079_16(10,r13,696),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3984)
03D2 D702 D2C4 D2C4 11226 | XC  #pd20080_16(3,r13,708),#pd20080_16(r13,708)
03D8 FBA9 D2C4 D2B8 11226 | SP  #pd20080_16(11,r13,708),#pd20079_16(10,r13,696)
03DE F87A D2D0 D2C4 11226 | ZAP #pd10718_16(8,r13,720),#pd20080_16(11,r13,708)
03E4 D207 D0D4 D2D0 11226 | MVC S(8,r13,212),#pd10718_16(r13,720)
03EA D701 D2D8 D2D8 11228 | XC  #pd34295_16(2,r13,728),#pd34295_16(r13,728)
03F0 D207 D188 D0D4 11229 | MVC #pd32554_16(8,r13,392),S(r13,212)
03F6 FC41 D2D8 2E40 11228 | MP  #pd34295_16(5,r13,728),+CONSTANT_AREA(2,r2,3648)
03FC D204 D2D8 D2D8 11228 | MVC #pd34295_16(5,r13,728),#pd34295_16(r13,728)
0402 F834 D2E0 D2D8 11228 | ZAP #pd34265_16(4,r13,736),#pd34295_16(5,r13,728)
0408 D203 D2E0 D2E0 11228 | MVC #pd34265_16(4,r13,736),#pd34265_16(r13,736)
040E F843 D2E8 D2E0 11228 | ZAP #pd34266_16(5,r13,744),#pd34265_16(4,r13,736)
0414 D204 D0C8 D2E8 11228 | MVC D(5,r13,200),#pd34266_16(r13,744)
041A D707 D180 D180 11229 | XC  #pd32554_16(8,r13,384),#pd32554_16(r13,384)
0424 D207 D317 D0D4 11230 | MVC #pd20085_16(8,r13,791),S(r13,212)
042A FDF4 D180 D0C8 11229 | DP  #pd32554_16(16,r13,384),D(5,r13,200)
0430 D702 D2F6 D2F6 11229 | XC  #pd34296_16(3,r13,758),#pd34296_16(r13,758)
0436 D701 D300 D300 11230 | XC  #pd20082_16(2,r13,768),#pd20082_16(r13,768)
043C D208 D2ED D182 11229 | MVC #pd34271_16(9,r13,749),#pd32554_16(r13,386)
0442 D204 D302 D0C8 11230 | MVC #pd20082_16(5,r13,770),D(r13,200)
0448 D205 D2F9 D2ED 11229 | MVC #pd34296_16(6,r13,761),#pd34271_16(r13,749)
044E D100 D2FE D2F5 11229 | MVN #pd34296_16(1,r13,766),#pd34271_16(r13,757)
0454 D201 5447 D2FD 11229 | MVC W_MM(2,r5,1095),#pd34296_16(r13,765)
045A FC61 D300 5447 11230 | MP  #pd20082_16(7,r13,768),W_MM(2,r5,1095)
0460 D206 D308 D300 11230 | MVC #pd20084_16(7,r13,776),#pd20082_16(r13,768)
0466 D100 D311 D306 11230 | MVN #pd20084_16(1,r13,785),#pd20082_16(r13,774)
046C D409 D308 2F90 11230 | NC  #pd20084_16(10,r13,776),+CONSTANT_AREA(r2,3984)
0472 D702 D314 D314 11230 | XC  #pd20085_16(3,r13,788),#pd20085_16(r13,788)
0478 FBA9 D314 D308 11230 | SP  #pd20085_16(11,r13,788),#pd20084_16(10,r13,776)
047E F87A D320 D314 11230 | ZAP #pd10723_16(8,r13,800),#pd20085_16(11,r13,788)
0484 D207 D0D4 D320 11230 | MVC S(8,r13,212),#pd10723_16(r13,800)

First thing that's noticable is that the code has become totally unreadable to those with only a little knowledge of z/OS assembly language, everything is #pdnnnnn and variable names are mostly gone and, hey, it looks like it's a bit longer, so lets count:
Code:
ZAP : 15
MP  : 10
MVC : 52
DP  :  4
MVN :  8
AHI :  1
XC  : 22
TM  :  2
SP  :  4
NC  :  4
SRP :  4
JE  :  2
     ---
     128 instructions, 758 bytes of code

And the count, or rather the act of counting, immediately raises five very, very significant questions:
  1. What is the performance of the old code on a new z13 system compared to the code that is now emitted?
  2. There are still 10 MP instructions, and inspection of the code, which was compiled ARCH(10) OPT(3) (in other words, as optimal as possible on the hardware I have access to), reveals that Enterprise PL/I AD 2014 still doesn't seem to know anything about common sub-expression elimination.
  3. Why the abso-eff-ing hell (sorry is these words cause some offence) are there two JE instructions in this code, as any conditional jump has the ability of causing significant stalls due to breaking the pipeline? We are TRUNCATING, not rounding!
  4. Why the flucking 'ell does the added multiply of "n * 3600" take only three instructions using the OS compiler, but no less than 7 (seven, SEVEN, S*E*V*E*N!) using Enterprise PL/I. And the "n * 60" multiply is even worse, two versus eight!
  5. Any compiler worth the adjective "Optimizing" knows about the underlying hardware, and this is what the POP tells me about the DP instruction:
    Principles of Operation - IBM wrote:
    The first operand (the dividend) is divided by the
    second operand (the divisor). The resulting quotient
    ***and*** remainder are placed at the first-operand
    location. The operands and results are in the
    packed format." (Emphasis added)

    So given that, and the fact that what I'm doing here is calculating both a quotient and a remainder, the compiler should be able to generate rather more efficient code, maybe anyone can code the same in C (on both z/OS and using GCC or MSVC) and see how that comes out. Or maybe the maintainers of PL/I should give some serious thought about a QUOTREM() builtin function...

    Hell, there are probably still posts on Google in comp.lang.pascal.borland dating back to the mid-1980'ies where people were told that retrieving DX after a "A DIV B" operation would give the remainder in just three bytes of code, and without having to do a multiply, as the x86 DIV instruction (and probably/possibly many others) exhibit exactly the same behaviour, in that both a quotient *and* remainder are calculated at the same time.
I've been out of a job for many years, and don't expect to ever work again, the PL/I market, even here in Europe is small, and being in the second half of my fifties also doesn't really help, but some of you will be working at sites where PL/I is in use. Just do yourself and your employer/client a favour, have a look at what kind of code this compiler and its newer siblings generate, and then ask IBM why you are paying a large amount of money for a compiler that generates code that may well significantly negate the increased speed your latest shiny z13 system is supposed to deliver.

It all brings back memories of The Bloatware Debate ...

Merry Christmas,

Robert

PS: I promise that in 2017, 25 years after I made it public (at least within Wills, Faber and Dumas) I'll post "RAP00100" and all of its companions, panels, skeletons, PL/I code and what have you @ Formatted Browse, and I hope that some of you will be able to help me to make it capable of handling some of the more esoteric features of PL/I structures. *You* might even add a RAP00120 exec to handle COBOL, or a RAP00130 for C...
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steve-myers

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Joined: 30 Nov 2013
Posts: 917
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 26, 2016 10:14 am
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I agree with Prino this should produce relatively simple Assembler code.

I rarely venture into PL/I, so I'm not sure what

dcl seconds fixed (15,6); means. My best guess is it means 15 digits, of which 6 digits represent a fraction. In other words PL8. Is this correct?
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Akatsukami

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Joined: 03 Oct 2009
Posts: 1788
Location: Bloomington, IL

PostPosted: Mon Dec 26, 2016 8:11 pm
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DECIMAL is implied for a variable whose name begins with "S"; this statement allocates a packed-decimal field of eight bytes (= 15 digits).

(Since I don't know assembler, I'm not sure if it is indeed equivalent to PL8, but my SWAG is that it is.)
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prino

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Joined: 07 Feb 2009
Posts: 1306
Location: Vilnius, Lithuania

PostPosted: Mon Dec 26, 2016 10:14 pm
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steve-myers wrote:
I agree with Prino this should produce relatively simple Assembler code.

I rarely venture into PL/I, so I'm not sure what

dcl seconds fixed (15,6); means. My best guess is it means 15 digits, of which 6 digits represent a fraction. In other words PL8. Is this correct?


You are correct about (15,6), 8 bytes, 15 digits and 6 of them fraction.
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